Power transmitting and controlling mechanism.



A. SUNDH.

POWER TRANSMITTING AND CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13, I909.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

I SIM/QC I I for,

, A. SUNDH.

POWER TRANSMITTING AND CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

gun nfoz A. SUNDH.

POWER TRANSMITTING AND CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13. 1909.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915;

7 BHEETSSHEET 3.

I ,,,,,,l W9

A. SUNDH.

POWER TRANSMITTING AND CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13. 1909.

\AW/ I \f /v Q 1 Q I Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

I SHEB'I'SSHEET 4 h VIII/fill]!!! A. SUNDH.

POWER TRANSMITTING AND CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- I3, I909.

Patented Apr. 6,1915..

7 8HEET8-SHEBT 5.

I x A Ii m I A. SUNDH.

POWER TRANSMITTING AND CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13, 1909. 1,1 34,770. Patented Apr. 6, 191a.

'l SHEETS-SHEET 6.

8 W00 m/Coz A. SUNDH.

POWER. TRANSMI'TI'I NG AND CONTROILLING MECHANISME.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- 13. 1909.

1,1 34,770. Patented Apr. 6, ma

'1 SHEETS-SHEET T.

QaUctrsT smmn, or YONKEBS, new york, Assronon To one nnnvaroacom aJERSEY CITY, NEW annsn'r, A conPonATIon or Nnvr JnnsnY.

()FFICE.

TRY, on

rown'n TRANSMTI'TING Ann CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

Application filed February 18, 1909. Serial No. 477,748.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST SUNDH, a citizen of the United- States,residing at Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Power .Transmitting andControlling Mechanisms, of which the following is a specification.

.The present invention relates to fluid power transmitting andcontrolling mechanism, and, as herem shown, is particularly adapted foruse on automobiles.

The. invention comprehends the use of a prime mover, a multiple fluidpressure system operated thereby, and a hydraulic motor operated by the'fiuid pressure and adapted to be driven either at a slow speed by fluidsupplied at high pressure, or at high speed with a larger volume offluid supplied at a low pressure, the horse-power output of the primemover remaining practically constant. r

The invention further comprises means whereby a variation of the speedand torque of the hydraulic motor is obtained by a cor- I respondingvariation in the pressure and quantity of fluid supplied by the pumpingsystem.

The invention comprises a'multiple pressure system in which greatvariation in the speed and power may be obtained by varying thecombinations of the pumping units, and a suitable motor or motors driventhereby and adapted to operate an automobile. The invention furtherconsists of combinations and arrangements whereby the speed and power ofthe hydraulic motor may be regulated, and whereby the speed of the primemover may be increased after the hydraulic motor has attained itshighest speed, means being provided for disengaging the hydraulic motorfrom the driven mechanism and operating the latter directly by the primemover.

One of the rincipal objects of the invention is the provision of meansfor utilizing the horse-power output of a gasolene engine, or othermotor, to the best advantage, and to provide, in combination with theprime mover, fluid transmission mechanism whereby the speed can bechanged from a minimum to a maximum, and the force varied from a maximumto a minimum,

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 6,1915.

or vice versa, while substantially the full horse-power output isutilized at all times.

A still further object of the invention is to make it practicable to usehigh speed pumps with such mechanism, and particularly pumps whichoperate at a compara tively low pressure, and by suitable valvemechanism may be arranged either to del1ver a large quantity of fluidata low pressure, or a small quantity under a high pres sure, and at thesame time keep the horsepower output ofthe prime mover practicallyconstant. I

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby when thedriven machinery is stopped a minimum of power is required to keep thegasolene engine or other prime mover and the pumps in motion.

The invention further aims to provide simplicity in construction, sothat the services of skilled mechanics are not required to operate thesame, and to also secure durability and safety.

The invention further consists in. novel arrangements of parts andcombinations of, elements as set forth in the accompanying claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure lis a plan view of an automobile truckwith one form of the present invention applied thereto; Fig. 2 is anelevation of the same taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, the rear portionof the truck being broken away; Fig. 3 is a detail view showing thevalve controlling the supply of fuel to the engine, and mechanism foroperating and controlling said valve; Fig.. 4 is a detail section takenon the line 4-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of the clutchmechanism; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 66 of Fig. 5;Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view of the pumping system; Fig. 8 is asectional elevation taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is anelevation view showing a train of gearing for controlling the valves ofthe pumping system, the clutch, and the valve shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 10is a part sectional elevation showing the hydraulic ma tors; Fig. 11 isa sectional view taken on the line 11--11 of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is asection taken on the line 12--12 of Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a section takenon the line 13-13 of Fig. 12; Fig. 14 is a sectional detail elevationing mechanism shown in Fig. 21; Fig. 23 isan elevation view of thegearing shown in Fig. 21; Figs; 24,25 and 26 are views of. anothermodification, and correspond'respectively to Figs. 21, 22 and 23. v

The general arrangement of parts as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, comprises agasolene en 'ne or other rime mover E mounted on t e frame A; 0 anautomobile truck; a pumping system P connected to the engine E andcomprisiniia plurality of pumps; a motor or motors adapted to beoperated by fluid pressure from the pumping system P; gearing connectingthe motor M to the driving axle of the automobile; a clutch K fordisconnecting the motor M from the driving gearing and connecting saidgearing directly to the engine E; and various controlling devices forthe engine, pumps and motors. The prime mover E may be a asolene engineof any approved make, but is preferably a high speed engine, as thelatter is light in weight, and is also best adapted for operating thepumps herein shown. The pumping mechanism comprises a horizontallydisposed casing 1, in which is mounted a series of rotary pumps a, b, c,d, e and f. These pumps are all alike, and each comprises two pairs ofright and left handed intermeshing screws adapted, when rotated, topump-a liquid from the outer ends of the pump in toward the center. Asherein shown the rotary members of the pumps are carried by parallelshafts 3, 4, 5 and 6. On the shafts 3 and 4 are secured intermeshinggears 7 and 8. Similar gears 9 and 10 are secured to the shafts 5 and 6.The

' shafts 4 and 5 are extended to receive gears 12 and 13. The shaft 11of. the engine E- extends through the casing'l, and is provided withjournaled bearings therein. Secured to the engine shaft 11 is a drivinggear 14 which meshes with the gears 12 and 13. It will thus be seen thatwhen the shaft 11 is rotated the pumps will be operated by means of thegearing just described. Within the casing 1 are journaled two parallelcylindrical valves 15 and 16 which are adapted to connect the pumpseither in parallel or in series, or to form various parallel seriescombinations of the pumps. The left hand ends of the valve stems. extendbeyond the casing and have secured thereto the intermeshing gear wheels17 and 18.

The gear wheel 17 is in mesh with the mu tilated-gear wheel '19 keyed toa shaft 2( meagre Abevel gear" wheel 21 also secured to the shaft 20meshes with a bevel pinion 22 on the rear end of a shaft 23 whichextends forwardv to the steering mechanism;

' The steering mechanism "may be of the usual, or any approvedconstruction, and as herem shown comprises. the steering wheel 24 ontheupper end ofv the steering shaft 25 whlch extends. downwardly--through' a casing 26. Mounted in the casing 26 and surroundlng theshaft 25 is a'sleeve 27 the upper end of which is enlarged and pro videdwith over a scale 29 formed on the flanged end 30 of the casing 26. Acontrolling lever 31 a pointer 28 adapted to move is secured to theupper end ofthe sleeve 27.- i

The lower end of the latter is provided with valve R of the motors M;after circulating through the motors the liquid is returned through apipe 36 to the exhaust chamber erably a light' oil, fromthe pressurecham- V ber 34 through'a pipe 35-tothe reversing 37; from the latter itis again drawn into i the pump. When the automobile has been stopped,and the engine E continues. to operate the pumping mechanism, thecirculation of the liquid is confined within the easing 1. The valves 15and 16 are at this time in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 15. Theliquid passes from the exhaust chamber 37 through a port 38 and byway ofthe annular recess or passage 39 in the valve 16 to the passage-40communicating with the outer ends of the. pump a. The operation of thelatter draws liquid inwardly to the center of the pump and forces itthrough the port 41 in the valve casing 16, and through the passage 42111113118 valve '16 to-the passage 43,

which communicates with the 'pumpb, the

latter pumps the liquid through the valve passage'44 to' the pump 0,which in turn forces the liquid through passages 45,, 46 and 47 in thevalve 16, casing 1, and valve 15-, respectively, to the pump d, thelatter pumps the liquid through the passage 48 to the pump 6, and fromthence the circulation continues through the passage 49, pump "f,passage 50 inthevalve 15, and port 51 into the chamberi37-whichcompletes the circulation. Theeperation of the engine E, therefore,causesa circulation of the fluid through the pumps, but as there islittle resistance to the circulating liquid, but ,little power isconsumed. I When the controlling lever is moved to rotate the valves 15and 16, they successively assume the positions shown in Figs. 16 to 20,inclusive. :Wh'e'n they. are in-the position shown in Fig. 16, thecirculation of the ise-We thence to the exhaust chamber 37. As all thepumps are connected in series the quantity of liquid circulating issmall, but a high pressure is obtained, so that the motors M can operatewith great power but at a slow speed. When the valves assume theposition shown in Fig. 17 a parallel series combination. of the pumps iseflected".\ The circulation from the exhaust chamber 37 and through thepumps a, .b and c is-the same as in Fig. 16, but the pump 0 dischargesthrough a passage 53in the valve 16 and the port 54 in the valve easinginto the pressurechamber 34. The passage 46 is at this time cut off bythe valves. Liquid also circulates from theexhaust chamber directlythrough a passage 55 in the valve 15 to the pump cl, and in seriesthrough the pumps 03, e and f to the ressure chamber as in Fig. 16. InFig. 1 the two sets of pumps a, b, o and d, e, f, are arranged inparallel, so that double the quantity of" liquid will be circulated, butat substantially half the pressure obtained in the precedingarrangement.

In Fig. 18 the valves have reaghed a position in which the pumps a and bare an ranged in series, andthe pump 5 dischargesthrough a passage 56into the pressure chamber. The pumps 0 and d are also in series, thecirculation being from' the exhaust chamber through a passage 57, pump0,,passages 58, 46, 59, pump d and passage 60' to the pressure chamber.The pumps 6 and f are also in series, the pump e drawing directly fromthe exhaust chamber through the passage 61 in the valve 15. With thisarrangement, the volume of liquid circulated by the pumps will be threetimes that of Fig. 16, but with one-third the pressure. WVith the nextposition of the valves as shown in Fig. 19, the circulation of theliquid is directly from the exhaust chamber through all the pumps in-.parallel to the pressure chamber. This arrangement supplies the greatestvolume -of liquid at the lowest pressure. operate at about six times thehighpressure speed, the torque being correspondingly reduced. The nextposition of the valves is shown in Fig. 20, and connects the pumps. inseries and confines theciroulation' to the pumps, the same as with thearrangement shown in Fig. 15. The purpose of this last arrangement willbe fully explained later. The motors comprise two three-cylinderhydraulic or fluid motors, connected to form aunit. This construction asherein shown is an improvement on the well-known type The motors M cannow;

of six-cylinderBrotherhood engine. I prefer this type of engine as beingwell adapted to drive the machinery, and further, because the'liquid inthe enginemay be used as a brake whenever necessary, as for example,

- going down hill with an automobile truck.

The two motors are of substantially the. same construction so that thedescriptlon of.

one will suffice for both. Each motor com? .prises three cylinders N,and pistons, O.

The latter are connected by connecting rods 62 to the' 'crank-pins 63and cranks 64 connected to themotor shaft 65. A valve casing 66 in whichthe shaft 65 is journaled, is

formed with arms 67 extending to the outer ends of the cylinders andbolted to the lat- These arms 67 are provided with pas-- ter. sages 68establishing communication between the valve casing 66 and the outerends .of the cylinders N. Within the casing 66- is a rotary valve 69keyed to the shaft 65. The va-lve 69' comprises an outer flange-70,. aninner fian'ge 71, and a diagonally dis-- posed flange member 72 locatedbetween the flanges 70-fand- 71. The passages 68 open into the valvecasin about midway between the flanges 70 and 21, so that as the valverotates the flange '72 will extend alternately on opposite sides of-eachpassage 68. The flow of the liquid to and from the motors, is

I by way of pipes 73 and 74. These pipes, as

shown in Fig. 13, communicate with the ports 75 and 76, locatedrespectively adjacent the flanges 70 and 71. The pipes 73 and 74 areconnected respectively by pipes 77 and 78 to the valve chamber 79 of thereversing valve R (see Fig. 14).- With the reversing valve in theposition shown, the liquid from the pressure pipe 35 circulates aroundthe valve and through the pipes 77 and 73 to the port 75 at the lefthand side of the. flange 72, Fig. 13. From thence it passes through thepassage 68, as indicated by the arrow, Fig. 13, into the motor cylinderN to operate the piston O. The ports are so arranged that each piston Ois moving inwardly while its cylinder is in communication with thepressure supply as just described. As the piston reaches its innerposition, the flange 72 is moved past the corresponding passage 68 tobring the latter in communication with the exhaust pipe 74, and therebypermit the return movement of the'piston, the liquid being forced fromthe cylinder through the passage 68, valve-casing 66, port 76, pipes 74and 78, into the reversing valve chamber 79, and from thence through thepipe 36 to the exhaust chamber 37. To reverse the hydraulic motors, thevalve R is moved to the left. This cuts oif the flow of liquid from thepressure pipe 35 to the pipe 77, and puts the latter in communicationwith the exhaust pipe 36, through the hollow valve R. The pressure pipe35 is now in communicatlon the arms 85 and86.

from the pipe 85 around a reduced porfro mthe pipe around a reducedportion of the valve R,-to the the operation of themotors M versedirection. 4 Y The gearing. between the motors M and the driving axle ofthe automobile and min the recluding the clutch mechanis mjwill new bedescribed. Referring to'Fi gs. 5 and 6, it

which is located the other mem er 81 of,

the clutch. The latter comprises a hub'83 keyed to a sleeve 82 looselymounted on the shaft 65, and extending into the clutch member 80. Thehub 83' is formed with an extension 84 and arms 85 and 86, which form afriction surface-adapted to engage the inner surface of the clutchmember 80. The free ends of the arms 85-and 86 are con-' nected by a rod87 having right and left hand screw threads on its opposite endsengaging correspondingl y thjreaded recesses in herod '87 has keyedthereto an arm 88 by which the rod may be rotated. A slight rotation ofthe rod in one direction serves to separate the arms 85 and 86sufliciently to clutch the member 80, while a slight rotation in thereverse direction draws'the arms toward each other and releases theclutch members so that they may be rotated independently of each other.A clutch K similar to the one just described comprises a clutch member89. loosely mounted on the sleeve 82 and an inner clutch member 90 keyedto the sleeve 82. The member 90 is operated by. means of an arm 91corresponding to thearm 88-. A sleeve 92 is splined on the sleeve 82 soas to be slidable longitudinally thereof, but preventing independentrotation of the sleeves. The sleeve 92- is connected to the arms 88 and91 by means of links 93 and 94, and is provided with an annular recess95. A bell-crank lever 96, pivoted at 97, has one arm bifurcated andprovided with extensions engaging' therecess 95'. Whenthe'bellcrank'lever is rotated about its pivot to'move the sleeve 92 tothe left, the link 93 pulls the arm 88 downward and rotates the rod 87ina direction to release the clutch K. ,At the same time the link 94rotates the arm 91 so as to engage the members of the clutch K. Theclutch member 89 is provided with sprocket teeth 98 toform a sprocketwheel which is connected by a sprocket chain 99 extending around thesprocket pinion 100 secured to the end of the engine shaft 11. Thesleeve 82 is formed at its outer end with a sprocket wheel 101 connectedby the chain102 with a driving member 103 extending to the gear pipe 78.This reversal of the valve- R therefore efiects This member is in theform idea-We Eolx 104 of the driving axle of the automo- Referring toFig. 9, the mutilated gear wheel 19 is formed with a smooth arc-shapedsnrface 105,formingfabout one-half the periphery of the gear wheel. Agear wheel 106,

provided with gear teeth 107, is formed with an interlocking surface 108engaging the surface 105, and serving to hold'the gear-106 stationary,while the surfaces 105 and 108 .arefiin' contact.-* The gear wheel 17 isprovided withanarc-shaped surface 109, also adapted to-engage thesurface 105- and interlock the gears 17 and 19. The gear wheel 106 isconnected b a-link 110 wlth a horizontal rod 111. he latter is connectedat one-end to the bell-crank lever 96 as shown in Fig. l. The oppositeend of the rod 111 is connectedto one arm of a bell-crank lever 112pivoted at 113. A horizontal rod 114 is connected at its rear endto thebell-crank lever 112, and extends forward to a bracket 115, in whichit'is slidabl mounted. Fuel is supplied to the engine through thecarbureter C and pip'es 116 and 117, leadin to the combustion chambersof the engine. he quantity of fuel I supplied is regulated by. means 'ofthe valve V; the latter is provided with a valve stem 118, having itsfree end slidably mounted-in the bracket 115. A centrifugal speedgovernor G, which may be of the usual orianypreferred construction, isconnected to a shaft 119 geared. in any suitable way to the. engine E,so as to rotate with a speed' proportional to that of the engine. Thisgovernor carries av disk 120, the peripher of which-extends between twoflange members 121 and 122 of a valve shifter 123 keyed to the shaft118. The governor in a well understood manner causes the valve V toshift in accordance with variations in speed of the engine, and is soadj usted that it will normally permit the engine to run-at nearly fullspeed. On the end of the rod 114 is a stopping device 124 locatedbetween the bracket 115 and the member 121 and serving to prevent thevalve V from being entirely closed. Thus when the speed of the enginebecomes sufficient to draw the disk 120 back to the position shown inFig. 3, the stop 124 prevents a; further closing of the valve. The rod114 is also used to move the'v'alve V, as will be explained later. Stillanother means for operating the valve V consists in a foot lever 125.connected by a link 126 to a bell-crank lever 127, pivoted at 128, andhaving an arm 129 extending downward into engagement with the valveshifter 123; The bell-crank lever 127 hasa lost motion connection withthe rod 126, permitting the valve V'to be shifted into open positionwithout moving the link 126, but permitting the latter toso desired. Afoot lever 1.30 for operatin the reversing valve R is connected by a r0131 to the reversing valve rod 132.

The operation of the mechanism thus far described will be understoodfrom the following: Assuming the controlling lever 31 to be in the offposition as shown, and the gasolene engine E to be running, the pumpingmechanism P will be operatedas already described,'to cause a circulationof the oil, or other liquid,- within the pump casing, the valves 15 and16 being in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 15. The engine shaft 11also operates the sprocket chain 99 and rotates the member 89 of theclutch K As the sleeve 92 is in its right hand position at this time,and the members of the clutch K are disconnected, the member 89 willrotate idly on the sleeve 82. There is therefore no power transmittedeither to the motors M or to the driving mechanism extending to thedriving axle. To start the machine, the operator moves the controllinglever 31 to the right to bring the pointer 28 opposite the first scalemarking. This movement of the controller operates through the mechanismalready described to rotate the gears shown in Fig. 9, and bring thevalves 15 and 16 into the position shown in Fig. 16. This connects thepumps with the motors M, the pumps being in series and the liquid issupplied to the motors at a comparatively high pressure, so that thelatter can operate with a powerful torque to start the machine. At thistime the members of the clutch K are connected so that the motor shaftoperates through the clutch members 80 and 81 to rotate the sleeve 82,and the sprocket wheel 101. The latter drives a train of gearing 102 and103, etc., to drive the automobile. The machine runs at slow speed onaccount of the small volume of liquid being circulated through the pumpsand motors. As the controlling lever is moved step by step to the right,the valves successively 'assume the positions shown in Figs. 17, 18 and19, and thereby gradually increase the volume of liquid supplied to themotors, and thereby increase the speed of the latter. Referring again toFig. 9, it will be seen that the rotation of the gear wheel 19 duringthis time to operate the valves had no effect on the gear wheel 106, buthas moved the teeth of the gear 19, as indicated by the arrow, towardthe teeth 107 on the gear 106. The next step in the rotation of the gearwheel 19 brings the valves 15 and 16 into the position shown in Fig. 20,and thereby cuts off the supply of liquid to the motors M as previouslydescribed, and at the same time rotates the gear wheel 106, as the teethon the gear 19 have by this time been brought into mesh with the teeth107. The rotation of to rotate the bell-crank lever 96, and shift theclutch sleeve 92 to the left. This opcrates to release the clutchmembers 80and 81, so that the rotation of the shaft 65 is nottransmitted to the sprocket wheel 101, thus the motors M aredisconnected from the driving mechanism. The movement of the sleeve 92to the left also connects the members of the 'clutch K. The engine Etherefore is connected through the chain 99 and clutch K to the sprocketwheel 101, and therefore operates to drive the machine directly. Whenthe valves 15 and 16 have been brought to the position of Fig. 20,interlocking surfaces 109 and 105 of the gears 17 and 19 are broughttogether and revent further rotation of the gears 17 an 18, so that thevalves remain stationary durin any further movement of the gears 19 and106. The rotation of the gear 106 not only serves to shift the clutchmechanism and connect the engine directly with the drivin axle, butoperates through the rod 111, be] crank 112 and rod 114 to control thevalve V. If it is desired to increase the speed after the controllinglever has been moved to oper'atethe clutch, the lever is moved stillfurther, thereby pushin the rod 114 forward carrying the valve forwardand increasing the supply of fuel to the engine. It will be noted thatthis enables the valve to be opened in opposition to the action of thegovernor when the machine is running at a high speed. The governornormally operates to regulate the admission of fuel to the engine andallow the same to run at nearly full speed and horse-power, while theengine is connected to the fluid motors and operating through them todrive the machinery. he connections between the controlling lever andvalve V enable the power of the engine to be increased and the speed ofthe machine accelerated after the disconnected. If, for example, at anytime the motors M are found insuflicient to start the automobile, or tooperate the same, for example in going up a steep hill, the foot lever25 may be depressed to open the valve V wider, and thereby increase thepower of the engine.

The hydraulic transmission mechanism is intended especially for use instarting and tenet,

ta es; as i it'te" refit interme rate speeds. The clutch mec anism isprovided order that, the-machine" ma be driven directly-statesman asmucof l the time 1 as practicable,a s it is 'well known in' allki'nds;transmission gears there is some loss ofpow'er'in operating the same. 15Willi be understood that i the clutch deviceihereinfshown fishould-ajtany time get out of ordeigit would not prevent the operation of themachine, because it can be run withoutQthe use pf the clutch mechanism.Anairchamber 140 is connectedlby a pipe 141 to the ressure'chamberof'the pumpin system. his airc'hamber acts in the usua waylas atrap for any air bubbles that may get into the circulating-liquid, andalso acts as a cushion device to prevent any sudden variations in thepressure of the liquid. A relief valve 142 opens from the pressurechamber 34 to the discharge chamber 37. to preventany' excessive rise inpressure. The tension Qfjthe. sprin 14:3surrounding the valve stem is soad usted that the .valve will open when the pressure in the chamber 34exceeds a predetermined limit. The style of pumps used in the resentsystem of power transmission may he varied if desired. I prefer,however, to use a rotary pump or pumps, becausethey can be operated athigh speed. High speed pumps'are suitable to the type of engine bestadapted for automobiles, that is, a high speed engine which may be madeboth verypowerful and very light in weight. Reciprocating pumps howevermay be used, ifin any case it shall be found that they have anyadvantage over other forms. A,

In Figs. 21,- 22 and 23, is shown another well-known type of rotarypumps. As here shown six pumps are connected to be driven by the engineshaft 11. Each pump comprises a gear .wheel 'or member 145 keyed to theengine shaft, anddriving a corresponding gear 146. Each pump is providedwith I a separate compartment in the casing 1 A pressure chamber 31 andan exhaust chamber '37? extend along opposite sides of the pumps;.valves15*. and 16*, similar to the valves'15 and 16, Fig. .7 control theconnections between the several pumps, and between the pumps andpressure chamber and exhaust chamber. The parts shown in Fig. 21 are ina position corresponding-to Fig. 7. The arrows indicate the circulationof liquid through the pumps' In the position shown,

the valve 15" cuts ofi all communication between the pressure chamberand the pumps; 'The fluid is drawn from the exhaust cham ber 37 athrough an opening 147 in the valve 16, and forced through the firstpump a, and from thence through a passage 148 to the intake side of thenext pump 6'. In like manner the circulation continues through the pumps0', d, e and f. From the pump continues. through passage 149 in thevalve 15*, through a pipe 150 to the exhaust chamber 37., thuscompleting the circula= tion. As the" valves 15? and 16 ar'e rotated,the pumps are first connected in series with the'motors M byway of thepipes '35 and 361, and may then be" connected successively in thevarious combinations shown in Figs. 17 to 20. The gears 17 and 18' foroperating the valves 15 and 16 are substantially like the gears 17 and18of Fig. 19. In the present nstance, however, an idler gear 151 is placedbetween'the gears 17"and 18' owing to the greater distance between thevalves. This of course changes the direction of rotation for the valve16 and the assage i7n the latter may be positioned to e set the same"trifugalpumps a, b, 0 d 6 and f are keyed as usual to the engine shaft11. When the liquid enters each pump at the intake 152 at. the center ofthe pump it is thrown 'by centrifugal' force through the passages 153 tothe annular passage 154C surrounding the rotary member. of the pump.From. thence the liquid can circulate through the passage 155 to theintake of the next succeeding pumpkin this manner the. liquid may flowfrom the exhaust chamber 37 through the pumps in series, and by we ofthe pipe 156 back to the-exhaust cham r. The rotary valves 15 and 16 areprovided with passages so disposed that as the valves are fotated thepumps may be connected to the motors and various combinations obtainedas in the other forms of pumps. The arrangement of'gearing shown in Fig.26 comprises two idler gears, 151 and 151 between the ears 17 and 18,the latter gears corresponding to the cars 17 and 18 of Fig. 9. T haveshown t ree styles of rotary pumps and valves adaptedto eflect theproper communications and combinations of these pumps, but it will'beunderstood that other'styles of pumps and also variations in the formsof valves may be employed. ll therefore do not Wish to be limited to theparticular combinations shown. The principal object in the arrangement.of the pumps and valves is to enable more than two speeds to be obtainedas it is desirable to have at least four or more difierent speeds. Thepumping mechanism is preferably arranged so that when the oil is notused for driving the fluid motors, it will pass through the pumps withbut little pressure. In this way the moving parts of-th'e pumps arealtoo ways kept Well lubricated. The gearing for machine will beincreased as the clutch mechanism is oplerated to connect the enginedirectly with t e driving axle of the machine. In other words, for agiven speed of the engine, a greater speed is obtained when the engineis connected directly to the driving axle than when the power istransmitted through the 'umpi-ng mechanism with the pump connec d inparallel.

While I have shown the valves diagram matically in order .to clearlyillustrate the principles of my invention, I may 1n practice make use ofbalanced valves in order to reduce to a minimum the power needed tooperate the valves. I have omitted the illustration of balanced valvesas they would only complicate the drawings and make them more difiicultto understand;

In practice the speed mechanism Wlll be made partly of steel and partlyof aluminum when it is intended for use with automobiles, as it isimportant in such cases to reduce the weight of the machinery as much aspossible.

The'present invention is adapted for various uses, such as operatinwinding drums "for elevators, for use on rai way trains, with varioustypes of prime movers, in power 1nstallations, etc.

-I wish not to be limited to the particular forms of controlling leversand other controlling mechanism shown, as the same may be arranged inmany different ways.

Various changes in many of the details of construction and arrangementsof parts might obviously be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention. I wish therefore not to be limited to theparticular construction herein set forth.

What I: claim as new and desire to secure Wetters Patent is Thecombination wlth pumping mechanism, of a fluid motor, means forconveying fluid under pressure from the pumping mech- "anism to themotor, and means for varying the arrangement of the pumping mechanism asby series and parallel working to vary the volumeand pressure 9f fluiddelivered thereby, the pressure varying from a maximum to a minimum in aplurality of steps.

2. The combination with pumping mechanism comprising a plurality ofpumps, of a fluid motor, means for conveying fluid under pressure fromthe pumps to the motor, and means to vary the connections among thepumps to eflect a variation in the volume and pressure offluid'delivered to the motor,

the pressure varying from a maximum to a minimum in a plurality ofsteps.

3. The combination with a fluid motor, of a plurality of pumps, aplurality of passages connecting the several pumps with each other andwith the motor, and means for varying the arrangement of said passagesin successive steps to effect a gradual variation in the volume andpressure of fluid delivered from the pumps to the motor, the pressurevarying from a maximum to a minimum in a p urality of steps,

4. The combination with a fluidmotor, of

a plurality of pumps, passages for conveying fluid between the severalpumps and between the pumps and the motor, and valve mechanism operableto vary the arrangement of said passages and thereby vary the pressureand volumeof liquid delivered to the moto'r, I the pressure varying froma maximum to a minimum in a plurality of Steps. i 5. The combinationwith a fluid motor, of a plurality of pumps, means for conveying fluidfrom the pumps to the motor, and means for varying the communications between the pumps in successive steps from a parallel to a multiple seriesand series communication, or vice versa.

6. The combination with a fluid motor, of

a plurality of pumps, communicating pas-- sages between the severalpumps and between the pumps and the motor, and means for varying thearrangement of said passages to effect the flow of the fluid through thepumps in series, in multple series, and in multiple, successively.

7 The combination with a fluid motor, of a plurality of pumps,communicating passages between the several pumps and between the pumpsand the motor, "alves controlling said passages, and operable to connectthe pumps in series, in multiple series, and in multiple, successively.

8. The combination with a fluid motor, of a plurality of pumps,communicating passages between the several pumps and between the pumpsand the motor, means for varying the arrangement of said passages toconnect the pumps all in series or in two parallel sets, with the pumpsof each set connected in series, or in more than two parallel sets withthe pumps of each set in series, or with all the pumps connected inparallel.

9. The combination with a fluid motor, of a pressure chamber, means forconveying fluid from the pressure chamber to the motor, a dischargechamber, means for conveying the fluid from the motor to the dischargechamber, a plurality of pumps communicating with said chambers and witheach other, and means to vary the arrangement of the communicatingpassages to connect the pumps either in series, in parallel series, orin multiple, between said chambers.

10. The combination with a plurality ofpumps, of av fluid operatedreciprocating motor having a plurality of cylinders, means for conveyinga fluid from the pumps to the motor, and means associated with the pumpsfor effecting the flow of fluid through the pumps, either in multiple,in multiple series or in series, and thereby varying the pressure andvolume of fluid delivered to the motor vary the speedtand torque of Ilat- I tar; I

means to efl'ect thedelivery of fluid Icy the'pumpsyeitherin'multiple'under a minimum pressure, orin series with amaximum pres- I of a pluralit 1 7 sure, or in multiple series in'aplurality oi steps with the; pressure corresponding to the volume offluid delivered bythe pumps.

12.- The combination with a'plurality of rotary pumps, means ,fordriving the same at a uniform speed, a hydraulic\motor,' a

shaft member rotated thereby, means for conveying fluid from the pumpsto the motor,

-controlling mechanism to connect the pumps in multiple whereby'thefluid will be delivered at. a minimum pressure, and to connect thepumpsin series whereby the fluid will bedelivered at a maximum pressure,and in multiple series to obtain an intermediate pressure.

' 13. The combination with a plurality of pumps, of a hydraulic motor,means. for delivering fluid from the pumps to the motor,

and controlling means to eflect'the operation of the pumps in multiplewith 'a minimum fluid pressure, in series with a maximumfluidpressure,and in multiple series with a fluid pressure between a maximum and aminimum.

14. The combination with a plurality of pumps, of a reciprocatingmultiple cylinder motor, means to convey fluid from .the pumps to themotor, means to direct the fluid through the pumps in multiple, means todirect the fluid through the pumps in multiple series, in a plurality ofsteps, and means to direct the fluid through all the pumps in series. V

15. The combination with a fluid motor operable to produce a rotarymotion, of a' plurality of pumps arranged to be connected in series,series parallel and parallel, controlling mechanism for the pumps,operable to produce an increase or decrease in the pressure of the fluiddeliveredby the pump in a plurality of steps, the pressure varying froma maximum to a minimum, or vice versa.

16. The combination with a fluid motor adapted to produce a rotarymotion, of a plurality of pumps, means for conveying fluid from thepumps to the motor, and controlling means operable to vary the quantityof fluid delivered by the pumps from a minimum to a maximum or viceversa by connecting the pumps in series, series parallel and parallel. Y

17. The combination withha fluid motor, of pumps for pumping a fluid,means or conveying the fluid to the i motor, and controllingmechanismoperable to connect the pumps in series, series parallel asentiment-t at eta-tat at a igh" pressure and sma l volumaor at a lowressure andl arge volume.

18. he combinationwith a, fluidmotor,

of a plurality of pumps, means for eonvey-,-

ing fluid from the pumps to the motor, means for -directing'the fluidthrough the pumps, either in ser es, in multiple series, in a pluralityof steps, or in multiple, and thereby securing a variatdipn in thevolume and pres sure of the liqui and a. reversing valve for the motorcontrolling the direction "of'rota= tion of the motor. 7

19. The combination with an internal 7 combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps,

; driving connections between the" engine and pumps, a fluid motor,means for conveyin fluid from the pumps to the motor, an variable meansfor "directing; the flow oi? fluid through the pumps in series, seriesmultiple and parallel to secure a variation .in the volume and pressureofthe fluid delivered to themotor.

' 20. The combina'tion with an internal combustion engine, of aluralityof pumps connected to be driven t ereby, a fluid motor associated withthe pumps, and means for connecting the pumps in series, series'multiple'and parallel "for efl'e'cting a variation in the quantity andpressure of fluid delivered by the pumps without varying the speed orhorse-power output of the engme.

21". The combination with 'an' internal combustion engine, of aplurality of pumps operatively connected thereto, a'fluid motor, meansfor conveying fluid under pressure from the. pumps to the motor, andmeans for connecting the .pumps'in series, multiple series, andmultipleso as-to vary the volume and pressure of fluid delivered by thepumps, in a plurality of successive steps without varying the speed ofthe pumps.v

22. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps 7 driven thereby, variable means for directingthe flow of afluid through the pumps either in multiple, multiple series, or inseries to secure a large quantity at low pressure, or a small quantityat high pressure, and au- .tomatic means forgoverning the speed of theengine. r

23. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps driven thereby, controlling means to direct the flow of fluidthrough the pumps either in multiple, in multiple series, or in series,successively, or vice versa, a motor adapted to be operated by fluidpressure from the pumps and means to automatically govern thehorse-power output of the engine.

24. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a series ofpumps driven thereby, controlling means for directing the flow of fluidthrough all the pumps in multiple, or in multiple series in a pluralityof tim steps, or-through-ell the am s inseriea a motor adapted to beoperiited hy fluid priass sure from the pumps and automatic means forgoverning the sseed of the-engine and coiiperating with sai .controllinmeans and operative to maintain the spec of them:- gme practicallyconstant. a

25. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps driven thereby, controlling means for. directthe flow of fluidthrough the pumps, eit er immultiple, or in multiple series, or inseries, means to automatically maintain the speed of the. enginesubstantially constant, a motor adapted to be operated by fluid pressurefrom the pumps -and additional means operable manually to increase thespeed ofthe engine.

26. The combination with an internal combustion engine, ofa pluralityof-pumps connected to be driven thereby, controlling means to effect avariation in the. volume and pressure of the fluid conveyed through thepumps by connecting the pumps series, series parallel or parallel, meansto automatically govern the supply of fuel to the engine to maintain thesame at a practically constant speed, and a motor adapted to be operatedby fluid from said pumps.

27. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of means forautomatically governing the speed of the engine, a

pumping system connected to be driven by the engine and comprising aplurality of pumping units, and means for directing the flow of fluidthrough said pumping units either in. series, series parallel or inparallel, and a motor operated by fluid from said pumping system.

28. The combination with" an internal combustion engine, of a pluralityof pumps, mechanism operated by fluid pressure sup.- plied by the pumps,communicating passages. connecting the pumps and said mechanism,

and means for varylng the arrangement of said passages to eflect theflow of fluid through said pumps either in parallel, inseries-mul-tiple', or in series to said mechanism or through the pumpsindependent of said mechanism. Y

29. The combination. with pumping mechanism comprising a plurality ofpumps, of means for driving the pumps, means tor directing the flow offluid through the pumps either in multiple, in multiple series, or inseries, mechanism operated by said. fluid, and means for directing thecirculation of the fluid through the pumps independently of saidoperated mechanism.

30. The combination with a plurality of pumps, of mechanism. adapted tobe operated by fluid pressure from said pumps, a prese sure'chamber andan exhaust chamber communicating with said mechanism, commu- 65 nieatingpassages between.the-pumps-, and

shaft connected thereto ior rotation,- a. plu-' the fluid from thepressure chamber, to said between the exhaust;- chambers and the pumps,means for varying; said pass: to connect the amps with said mechr amsm.either in; paralkel, ini-multipleseries, or in series, or to efl'ecacirculationof fluid-30 through; the'pumps mdependently. of saidmechanism. J I $1. In pnwer transmitting mechanism, the combinationwith. a: fluid motor, of a at relity of. pumps, a pressure chambercommunicating w1th the pumps, communicating passages between the pumps,means for varying the arrangement of said passages to connect the pumpseither in ser1es,'multiple\s ean mes, or. multiple, to etfectacorrespondin variation in-'..the pressure and volume 0% fluidtransmitted from thepumps to the pressure chamber, and'means-forconveying fluid motor.

32'. In power transmitting mechanism, the

combination with a fl uid. motor, of. a pluralrty of pumps, a pressurechamberan'd an exhaust chamber, communicating passages b'etweenthe pumpsand betwee the latter and the pressure. andfexhaust chambers, means forvarying the arrangement of. said passages to convey fluid" from theexhaust chamber tothe-pressure chamber, through the pumps, either inmultiple, or in multiple series, or in series, means toconvey the fluidfrom the pressure chamber tothc motor, and means to return the fluidfrom the motor. to the exhaust chamber. 4

339 The combination in power transmittingmechanism, of a prime mover, aplurality of pumping devices connected thereto, a fluid motor, meansfor. directing fluid through said pumping devices either. inmultiple, inmultiple series, or in series, and means for conveying said. fluid fromthe pumping devices to the fluid motor.

34. In fluid power transmission. mechanism, the combination with a:fluid motor.- of 3.10 a plurality of pumps, an'internal combustionengine connected to operate the pumps, valve mechanism, ports andpassages formed in the pump casings and valve mechanism, means foroperating the valve mechanism and thereby varying the connectionsbetween the pumps from a series to a: seriesparallel and parallelrelation to efl'ect a discharge of fluid from the-pumps either at a highpressure. or a low pressure with a cor.-

combination with .a fluid motor, of aplurality of pumping'devices, aprime mover connected to said devices, communicating passages extendingbetween .sald pumping devices, means for varying the arrangement at; we.passages: tecquaee .aa-idi p p es devices'either in-niultiple or inmultiple ee ries or in series,-and thereby va the speed and torque ofthe fluid motor, an means for conveying fluid from the pumping-dev cesto the motor. I 'i mi; '1 36. In fluid power transmisslon ;mechanism,the combination with a prime movenpf pumping mechanism comprising aplurallty of pumps, a fluid motor, ;means for con-' speed and with abightorque, and the speed gradually increased and the torquecorrespo'ndingly decreased. I

37. In a fluid power transmission system, the combination with aninternal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, a fluid motor,means for conveying fluid from the pumps to the motor, valves associatedwlth said pumps "and formed with passages for conveying fluid, portsbetween said passages and the pumps, and means for operating thevalves'and thereby securing a variation in the connections between thepumps from a series connection to a series parallel and parallelconnection, and thus obtainlng a variation in thepressure and volume offluid transmitted from the pumps to the motor.

38. In. fluid power'transmission mechanism, the combination withaninternal com bustion engine, of a fluid motor, pumping mechanism, apressure chamber, means for conveying fluid from the pressure chamber tothe motor, an exhaust chamber, means for conveying fluid from the motorto the exhaust chamber, valves associated with the pumping mechanism andformed with passages for conveying fluid, ports and passages adaptedtoconnect-the pumps with said passages in the valves, ports adapted toconnect the pressure chamber and the exhaust chamber with passages inthe valves, and means for operating the valves to vary the arrangementof said passages and ports to successively connect the pumps with thepressure and exhaust chambers, either in multiple, or multiple series,in a number of steps, or in series, or-vice versa, thereby effecting acorresponding variation in the pressure and volume of fluid transmittedfrom the pressure chamber to the motor.

39. fluid power transmission mechanism, the combination with a primemover,

of pumping mechanism, a fluid motor, means for of sai 0 p ea...Thecombmat on wither; instruct inseam operating the valves to vary-thearrangement of said passages and thereby eflect a variation in thepressure and volume of fluid delivered to the motor, said valves beingoperable also into position to cut ofl the flow of liquid to the motorand direct its circulation through the pumping mechanism,

' 40. In fluid transmission mechanism, the combination with a primemover, of pumping mechanism connected thereto comprising a plurality ofpumps, a fluid motor associated with the pumping mechanism,

, means for varying the quantity and pressure of fluid transmitted fromthe pumps to the motorby connecting the pumps in series, series paralleland parallel relation, and automatic means to maintain the speed of theprime mover substantially constant during such variations.

41. The combination with a prime mover,

of a pump connected thereto, a fluid motor adaptedto be operated byfluid from the pump, an element connected to the motor to be driventhereby, means for connecting said driven element to the primemover,-and a single controlling device operable to disconnect the drivenelementfrom the motor and connect it directly to the prime mover, and atthe same time increase the speed of the driven mechanism. f

' 4:2. The combination with a prime mover, of a motor, means for drivingthe motor by power supplied from the mechanism adapted to be driven bythe motor, a clutch between said mechanism and the motor a clutchbetween said mechanisrn and the prime mover, and a single device foroperating said clutches to disconheat the motor from the drivenmechanism and connect the latter directly to the prime mover, the directconnections being such as to efl'ect an increase in the speed of thedriven mechanism.

43. The combination with an internal combustion engine, driven thereby,a fluid motor associated with said system and operated by fluid suppliedthereb an element connected 'to said motor and operated thereby, and adevice for disconnecting the motor from said driven element, andefl'ecting a mechanical connection between said driven element and theen 'ne, causing an increase in the speed driven element.

of a pumping system 1 prime mover,

element connected to the motor, means for increasing the speed of theengine, and a single device operable to effect a disconnectionof thedriven element from the motor, and a direct connection of said elementto the engine, and operate said speed increasing means after said directconnection.

45. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of pumpingmechanism connected thereto, a fluid motor, means for conveying fluidfrom the pumping mechanism to the motor to operate the latter, means forvarying said pumping mechanism to efi'ect a gradual variation in thespeed of the motor, a driven element connected to the motor, -means fordisconnecting said driven element from the motor and effectmg aconnection between said element and the engine resulting in an increasedspeed of said element for a given speed of the engine, a speed governorfor the engine, and a manual device operable to effect a gradualincrease in the speed of the driven element in the following successivesteps: first, efiecting said varlation in the pumping mechanism togradually increase the speedof the motor, second, disconnecting saiddriven ele-, ment from the motor and connecting it to the engine, andthird, effecting an increase in the speed of the engine,

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses,

AUGUST SUN DH.

